LSIL: “Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.”  The smear test shows changes in the cells due to HPV infection. When LSIL is detected, the risk of developing cancer is very low.

HSIL: “High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion”. The cells seen here are quite different from normal. HSIL has more severe cellular changes than LSIL. This does not mean that you have cancer, but it can be considered a precursor to cancer.

ASCUS: “Abnormal cells of unknown significance means lesion.” Abnormal cells have been seen, but the smear test is not conclusive about what these cells mean. It can be caused by a simple infection or by the HPV virus or by LSIL, HSIL, which are precursor cell changes of cervical cancer.

ASC-H: A smear showing the presence of atypical cells from which high-risk lesions cannot be excluded. It may be the beginning of a cancer that will develop years later. It should be followed up by the doctor.

Reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation: There may be infection and cellular changes associated with this. It does not mean definite infection. There is no sign of cancer.

ATROPHY: Refers to cellular changes due to hormonal deficiency and is usually seen in menopause.

Images of intense inflammation: There is a greater emphasis on infection, but it should still be judged by clinical findings and treated if necessary.

No specific pathogen was observed: No specific microbe causing the infection is seen.

Normal cytologic findings: Everything is normal.

There is an estrogen effect: May be seen if taken immediately after menstruation or if estrogen medication is taken.

Coccobacilli consistent with Gardnella vaginalis were observed: It is the most common pathogenic agent and is a mild infection caused by the proliferation of the vagina’s own flora.

Fungal hyphae and spores consistent with Candida albicans: Fungi present in the vagina can sometimes multiply and cause infection and it is appropriate to treat them.